When a white man boarded, the bus driver ordered four African American passengers to stand so the white passenger could sit. Black riders were to sit in this middle area only if the back was filled. She sat down between the “whites only” section in the front and the “colored” section in the back. Parks left the department store where she worked as a tailor’s assistant and boarded a crowded city bus for the ride home. Montgomery’s boycott was not entirely spontaneous, and Rosa Parks and other activists had prepared to challenge segregation long in advance. By November 1956, the Supreme Court had banned the segregated transportation legalized in 1896 by the Plessy v. For 13 months, starting in December 1955, the black citizens of Montgomery protested nonviolently with the goal of desegregating the city’s public buses. The boycott proved to be one of the pivotal moments of the emerging civil rights movement. Rosa Parks launched the Montgomery bus boycott when she refused to give up her bus seat to a white man. Use this narrative with the Jackie Robinson Narrative, The Little Rock Nine Narrative, The Murder of Emmett Till Narrative, and the Rosa Parks’s Account of the Montgomery Bus Boycott (Radio Interview), April 1956 Primary Source to discuss the rise of the African American civil rights movement pre-1960.
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